From the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., A.T., E.J.M., D.Y., E.F., J.C., A.K.), General Anesthesiology (E.F., J.C., C.V., T.K., A.L.K., M.P., M.R., S.D., K.K., A.K.), Anesthesiology Institute and Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.J.M., D.Y.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and the Department of Anesthesiology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri (W.H.S.).
This article is featured in “This Month in Anesthesiology,” page 1A.
This article is featured in “This Month in Anesthesiology,” page 1A.
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This article has an audio podcast.
This article has an audio podcast.
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This article has a visual abstract available in the online version.
This article has a visual abstract available in the online version.
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Submitted for publication January 31, 2018. Accepted for publication August 31, 2018.
Submitted for publication January 31, 2018. Accepted for publication August 31, 2018.
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Address correspondence to Dr. Sessler: Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P77, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
DS@OR.org. This article may be accessed for personal use at no charge through the Journal Web site,
www.anesthesiology.org.